Proposals

Proposed Bysort icon Summary Date
Alliance Of Small Island States (AOSIS) AOSIS believe that consideration of all actions under the REDD agenda should ensure that there are no adverse consequences for biodiversity or for the livelihoods of indigenous peoples or local communities and should explore demand side measures relating to the drivers of deforestation (e.g. export... December, 2008
Australia Australia’s proposal for a forest carbon market mechanism includes reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation as well as increasing removals through afforestation and reforestation with a view towards broader inclusion of the land sector in the future. The mechanism will aim to avoid... March, 2009
Brazil Brazil proposes the establishment of a voluntary fund into which developed  countries provide new financial resources additional to existing funding  activities. Developing countries are entitled to ex-post financial incentives  from the arrangement after they demonstrate, in a... April, 2009
Canada Canada recognises the importance of the IPCC and GOFC-GOLD and  recommends the IPCC produce a report on methodological guidance  for a REDD mechanism. The indicative guidance provided in the Annex to Decision 2/CP.13 states  that reductions in emissions or increases resulting from a... April, 2008
Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) The so-called “dual markets approach” developed by the Center for Clean Air  Policy (CCAP) proposes the creation of a new carbon market that would be  separate from the post-2012 carbon market and would trade solely in REDD  credits. Emissions reductions within this market could be... August, 2007
Central African Forest Commission (COMIFAC) To achieve real and measurable benefits for the climate, COMIFAC states  that policy approaches and positive incentives should be based on a basket  approach designed to address the differing dynamics of the forest sector  within developing countries, linked with substantial... March, 2008
Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE) The proposal by CSERGE offers a compensation mechanism with “combined  incentives” to reduce emissions in developing countries. Strassburg et al.  highlight two issues with existing mechanisms. Firstly, project- or nationallevel  mechanisms have been unsuccessful in the past due to... January, 2008
China China propose a REDD mechanism that treats equally reducing emissions  from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the  role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of  forest carbon stocks in developing countries. The... September, 2008
Coalition for Rainforest Nations (CfRN) CfRN support a REDD+ mechanism that incentivizes both the reduction  of deforestation and degradation and the enhancement of carbon stocks,  including through afforestation and reforestation, with the possibility of  incorporating AFOLU activities in the future. Recognising that... March, 2009
Colombia Colombia believes that each Party should be able to choose from either a  sub-national to national reference level and suggests that leakage issues  could be managed at the project-level through an approved methodology  whereby the displaced emissions are deducted from the project... April, 2009
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) & Amazon Institute for Environmental Research (IPAM) & Instituto Socioambiental (ISA) The “compensated reductions” approach by EDF, IPAM and ISA is one of  the earlier proposals to address reducing emissions from deforestation and  is intended as a broad vision for the purpose of stimulating debate. In that  sense, it should be viewed as more of an umbrella category... December, 2006
European Union (EU) The EU proposes that policies should focus on positive incentives to reduce  emissions from deforestation and forest degradation while promoting  conservation, SFM and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. The EU favours an approach that bases incentives on agreed national  reference... July, 2008
Greenpeace The Forests for Climate / Tropical Deforestation Emission Reduction Mechanism (TDERM) proposal suggests a market-based approach to finance REDD. A critical element of this proposal is to attain both climate and biodiversity objectives in a manner that fully respects the rights of local and... December, 2008
Humane Society International (HSI) HSI proposes a single framework for terrestrial carbon stores and AFOLU that merges LULUCF with the proposed REDD framework. To that end, Graham et al. recommend a flexible “carbon stores approach” that rewards developing countries with both high and low historical deforestation rates for... April, 2009
India India highlights that Brazil’s submission for compensated reduction unfairly  favours countries with high deforestation rates, and therefore proposes a  mechanism of “Compensated Conservation” that also rewards countries for  maintaining and increasing their forests as a result of... April, 2009
Indonesia Indonesia states that the adoption of a single definition for deforestation is  essential to ensure the fairness of providing incentive for developing nations.  Voluntary actions eligible for compensation should include enrichment  planting in secondary forests, emissions reductions... April, 2009
Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI) & Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI) The “compensated successful efforts” methodology put forward by IDDRI and CERDI aims to bypass methodological issues of baseline estimation used by other proposals. The authors highlight thematic issues in calculating emissions reductions that rely on an ex-ante estimation or negotiation of a... June, 2008
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) The proposal by IIASA aims to address two key requirements of any potential REDD mechanism; firstly the generation of measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV) REDD credits, and secondly the provision of sustainable emissions reductions. To ensure MRV credits, IIASA advocates reference scenario... April, 2009
Japan Japan recognises it is important to reduce and furthermore reverse the loss of worldwide forest coverage through SFM, including protection, restoration,  afforestation and reforestation, and increased efforts to prevent forest  degradation. Due to the varied and essential functions of... May, 2009
Joanneum Research The “corridor approach” submitted by Joanneum Research, Joanneum Research, UCS, WHRC, IPAM proposes the use of corridors - a range between upper and lower reference levels - to address issues of inter-annual variability in levels of deforestation. Countries would establish, through negotiation or... February, 2007
Joint Research Centre (JRC) The JRC propose a new accounting mechanism for REDD that awards both reducing deforestation in countries with high forest conversion rates, and maintaining low forest conversion rates in the other countries. Mollicone et al. point out that if a hypothetical remuneration mechanism is based solely on... March, 2006
Malaysia Malaysia believes that policy approaches for REDD+ should be based on  both measures taken as well as opportunity costs foregone. Developing  countries that have retained large tracts of natural forests will be under  greater pressure to convert forest to other land uses and... December, 2008
Mexico In order to increase the cost-effectiveness of REDD+ activities, it will be fundamental to account for their participation in the carbon market. A Green Fund* has been proposed to finance activities including conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of carbon stocks, while a... May, 2009
New Zealand Any REDD mechanism must provide developing countries with adequate  financial resources to compensate them for the economic benefits they forgo  by reducing deforestation and degradation. New Zealand supports a phased approach with some form of fund to aid  countries’ development of... April, 2009
Norway Norway supports a REDD+ regime that focuses on deforestation and forest  degradation, but also promotes conservation, sustainable management of  forests and incentives to enhance carbon stocks. Ideally, this would evolve  over time to incorporate afforestation and reforestation,... May, 2009
Panama Panama proposes a flexible two-track REDD+ mechanism that would aim to  accommodate the multiple activities contemplated under REDD. Track 1, would establish a compliance market that would allow emissions  reductions from REDD activities to be sold in international markets and  used... April, 2009
Terrestrial Carbon Group (TCG) The TCG demonstrate that all types of terrestrial carbon are essential in combating climate change and should therefore be included in any future climate change response. Initially this would include peatlands, forest and lands that can become secondary forest; other areas could be phased in as the... July, 2008
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) To address concerns about environmental integrity, equity, efficiency, and effectiveness, TNC draw upon elements from the “Stock-Flow Approach” as well as the Brazil and COMIFAC proposals. Reference emissions levels are set using a 10-year moving national historical average of emissions from... May, 2009
The Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC) The “stock-flow with targets” approach by WHRC proposes a new allocation mechanism to address concerns in existing proposals. Cattaneo builds on the “compensated reduction” approach in a way that avoids the implicit penalty imposed on countries with a historically low rate of deforestation, and... April, 2009
Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE) The “Nested Approach” initially put forward by CATIE and the German  Emissions Trading Association BVEK aims to combine the respective  advantages of project- and national-level accounting and crediting  mechanisms. The approach supports national-level GHG accounting, but ... May, 2009
Tuvalu Tuvalu suggests, firstly, that appropriate definitions of deforestation  and degradation need to be developed that minimise potential perverse  outcomes. More recently, Tuvalu supports the inclusion of, inter alia,  conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of... May, 2009
USA The United States is of the view that efforts to mitigate deforestation  should occur in the broader context of sustainable forest management and  sustainable development. While deforestation is a major source of emissions,  emissions also occur from land degradation and... May, 2009